Japanese tended to be more accurate at drawing the line in the relative (proportional) task, suggesting better memory for contextual relationships, but Americans were more accurate in the absolute (context-dependent) task, suggesting better memory for the exact size of the focal object. For example, Kitayama, Duffy, Kawamura, and Larsen (2003) asked Japanese and Americans to reproduce the display after a square frame containing a vertical line was shown. Such context-inclusive styles for East Asian and object-focused styles for Westerners were observed on the perception of simplistic and abstract visual stimuli. In contrast, East Asians, based on their collectivist and interdependent representation, tend to view themselves as part of a larger whole, resulting in a holistic information-processing bias where object and contextual information are jointly encoded ( Kitayama & Uskul, 2011 Masuda & Nisbett, 2001 Nisbett & Masuda, 2003 Park & Huang, 2010). Westerners, due to the individualistic, independent, and self-based focus of their culture, have a tendency to process focal objects and organize information via rules and categories in an analytic way. Psychologists have provided abundant evidence demonstrating that the context of one’s culture affects cognition and social behavior, with systematic differences observed between East Asians (specifically, Japanese, Korean, and Chinese) and Westerners with respect to visual perception, attention, and reasoning ( Nisbett & Masuda, 2003 Nisbett, Peng, Choi, & Norenzayan, 2001) as well as motivation, relationality, and self-concept ( Markus & Kitayama, 1991 Oyserman, Coon, & Kemmelmeier, 2002). Our findings extend previous findings from the real world to cyberspace, and provide a novel approach to investigate cognition and behaviors across cultures by using Facebook as a data collection platform. These results demonstrate marked cultural differences in context-inclusive styles versus object-focused styles between East Asian and American Facebook users. Moreover, East Asian Facebook users had lower intensity of facial expression than Americans on their photographs. Specifically, East Asians living in Hong Kong, Singapore, and Taiwan exhibited a predilection for context inclusiveness in their profile photographs, whereas Americans tended to prioritize their focal face at the expense of the background. Overall, the two studies clearly showed that East Asian Facebook users are more likely to deemphasize their faces compared to Americans. For Study 2, 312 Facebook profiles of undergraduate students of six public universities in East Asia (Hong Kong, Singapore, and Taiwan) and the United States (California and Texas) were randomly selected. For Study 1, 200 digital profile face photographs of active Facebook users were randomly selected from native and immigrant Taiwanese and Americans. We examined cultural differences in face/frame ratios for Facebook profile photographs in two studies. Here we have demonstrated that such systematic cultural variations can also be observed in cyberspace, focusing on self-presentation of photographs on Facebook, the most popular worldwide online social network site. Join our 30,000+ members to receive our newsletter and submit your design work.Prior research in social psychology indicates that East Asians from collectivistic and interdependent sociocultural systems are more sensitive to contextual information than Westerners, whereas Westerners with individualistic and independent representation have a tendency to process focal and discrete attributes of the environment. This simple refresh can keep your profile looking fresh and creates an easy bit of content to share. Include a comment or link to encourage engagement when you make the change.Ĭonsider changing the cover photo seasonally or each time you offer a new product or service. Remember, each time you create and upload a new Facebook cover image, your followers get a notification in their feed. Each of these tools helps you place your photo in a frame that’s the right shape and size and export for easy upload to Facebook. You don’t have to worry with cropping or image editing if that’s not your strength. The nice thing about a Facebook cover photo builder or template is that the correct size and shapes are all preset for you. (All three of these options are also free, although you will need to sign up for an account.) Still not sure about cropping and aligning and getting everything in order for that cover photo? There are a handful of Facebook cover templates and tools that can make it easy.
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